# Table 5: Doom Loop Intensity by Country

Composite score based on demographic pressure (OADR), debt/GDP, expenditure-revenue gap,
and pension spending. Higher = more vulnerable to doom loop dynamics.

| Country | OADR | Debt/GDP | Exp-Rev Gap | Pension/GDP | Rating | Safe | Doom Score |
|:---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|:---|---:|
| JPN | 0.5 | 229 | 2.5 | — | 17 | No | 0.801 |
| FRA | 0.4 | 113 | 5.8 | 30.6 | 19 | Yes | 0.726 |
| ITA | 0.4 | 135 | 3.4 | 27.6 | 13 | No | 0.726 |
| FIN | 0.4 | 83 | 4.2 | 31.4 | 20 | Yes | 0.697 |
| BEL | 0.3 | 104 | 4.4 | 28.6 | 19 | Yes | 0.662 |
| AUT | 0.3 | 81 | 4.7 | 31.6 | 20 | Yes | 0.654 |
| ESP | 0.3 | 102 | 3.2 | 25.9 | 17 | No | 0.622 |
| DEU | 0.4 | 64 | 2.8 | 27.9 | 21 | Yes | 0.615 |
| USA | 0.3 | 121 | 7.3 | 19.8 | 20 | Yes | 0.602 |
| GBR | 0.3 | 101 | 5.7 | — | 19 | Yes | 0.537 |
| SWE | 0.3 | 33 | 1.7 | 26.1 | 21 | Yes | 0.530 |
| CAN | 0.3 | 111 | 2.1 | — | 21 | Yes | 0.515 |
| CZE | 0.3 | 43 | 2.2 | 22.1 | 19 | Yes | 0.508 |
| DNK | 0.3 | 28 | -4.5 | 26.4 | 21 | Yes | 0.471 |
| SGP | 0.2 | 174 | -4.4 | — | 21 | Yes | 0.469 |
| NLD | 0.3 | 43 | 1.1 | 18.9 | 21 | Yes | 0.464 |
| ISR | 0.2 | 68 | 8.3 | — | 20 | Yes | 0.453 |
| NZL | 0.3 | 51 | 4.4 | — | 20 | Yes | 0.431 |
| HKG | 0.3 | 9 | 6.1 | — | 20 | Yes | 0.431 |
| AUS | 0.3 | 50 | 2.2 | — | 21 | Yes | 0.417 |
| KOR | 0.3 | 52 | 0.6 | 15.3 | 19 | Yes | 0.413 |
| CHE | 0.3 | 38 | -0.6 | 16.0 | 21 | Yes | 0.412 |
| LUX | 0.2 | 26 | -1.0 | 24.0 | 21 | Yes | 0.411 |
| NOR | 0.3 | 43 | -12.8 | 24.1 | 21 | Yes | 0.376 |
| TWN | 0.3 | 26 | 0.8 | — | 20 | Yes | 0.373 |
| CHL | 0.2 | 42 | 2.7 | — | 17 | No | 0.368 |
| IRL | 0.2 | 41 | -4.4 | 14.4 | 19 | Yes | 0.331 |
| SAU | 0.0 | 30 | 2.8 | — | 17 | No | 0.252 |
| QAT | 0.0 | 41 | -0.7 | — | 19 | Yes | 0.225 |
| ARE | 0.0 | 32 | -4.8 | — | 19 | Yes | 0.180 |
| KWT | 0.0 | 3 | -21.6 | — | 19 | Yes | 0.012 |
